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質問 # 28
Which of the following represents a valid Windows Registry key?
正解:B
解説:
The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database storing system and application settings, organized into predefined root keys (hives). Only specific names are valid as top-level keys.
Why A is correct: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM) is a standard root key containing hardware and system-wide configuration data. CNSP references it for security settings analysis (e.g., auditing policies).
Why other options are incorrect:
B: HKEY_INTERNAL_CONFIG is not a valid key; no such hive exists.
C: HKEY_ROOT_CLASSES is a misspelling; the correct key is HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR).
D: HKEY_LOCAL_USER is incorrect; the valid key is HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU).
質問 # 29
Which of the following is an example of a SUID program?
正解:D
解説:
In Linux/Unix, the SUID (Set User ID) bit allows a program to execute with the owner's permissions, typically root, rather than the caller's. It's denoted by an s in the user execute field (e.g., -rwsr-xr-x). Common SUID programs perform privileged tasks requiring temporary elevation.
Analysis:
C . /usr/bin/passwd:
Purpose: Updates user passwords in /etc/shadow (root-owned, 0600 perms).
Permissions: Typically -rwsr-xr-x, owned by root. The SUID bit lets non-root users modify shadow securely.
Command: ls -l /usr/bin/passwd confirms SUID (s in user execute).
A . /bin/ls:
Purpose: Lists directory contents, no privileged access needed.
Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x (no SUID). Runs as the calling user.
B . /usr/bin/curl:
Purpose: Transfers data over HTTP/FTP, no root privileges required by default.
Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x (no SUID).
Technical Details:
SUID Bit: Set via chmod u+s <file> or chmod 4755.
Security: SUID binaries are audited (e.g., find / -perm -u=s) due to escalation risks if writable or poorly coded (e.g., buffer overflows).
Security Implications: CNSP likely highlights SUID as an attack vector (e.g., CVE-1996-0095 exploited passwd flaws). Hardening removes unnecessary SUID bits.
Why other options are incorrect:
A, B: Lack SUID; no privileged operations.
D: Incorrect, as /usr/bin/passwd is a SUID example.
Real-World Context: SUID on /bin/su or /usr/bin/sudo similarly enables privilege escalation, often targeted in exploits.
質問 # 30
The Active Directory database file stores the data and schema information for the Active Directory database on domain controllers in Microsoft Windows operating systems. Which of the following file is the Active Directory database file?
正解:B
解説:
The Active Directory (AD) database on Windows domain controllers contains critical directory information, stored in a specific file format.
Why D is correct: The NTDS.DIT file (NT Directory Services Directory Information Tree) is the Active Directory database file, located in C:WindowsNTDS on domain controllers. It stores all AD objects (users, groups, computers) and schema data in a hierarchical structure. CNSP identifies NTDS.DIT as the key file for AD data extraction in security audits.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . NTDS.DAT: Not a valid AD database file; may be a confusion with other system files.
B . NTDS.MDB: Refers to an older Microsoft Access database format, not used for AD.
C . MSAD.MDB: Not a recognized file for AD; likely a misnomer.
質問 # 31
Which of the following protocols is not vulnerable to address spoofing attacks if implemented correctly?
正解:C
解説:
Address spoofing fakes a source address (e.g., IP, MAC) to impersonate or amplify attacks. Analyzing protocol resilience:
C . TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):
Mechanism: Three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) verifies both endpoints.
Client SYN (Seq=X), Server SYN-ACK (Seq=Y, Ack=X+1), Client ACK (Ack=Y+1).
Spoofing Resistance: Spoofer must predict the server's sequence number (randomized in modern stacks) and receive SYN-ACK, impractical without session hijacking or MITM.
Correct Implementation: RFC 793-compliant, with anti-spoofing (e.g., Linux tcp_syncookies).
A . UDP:
Connectionless (RFC 768), no handshake. Spoofed packets (e.g., source IP 1.2.3.4) are accepted if port is open, enabling reflection attacks (e.g., DNS amplification).
B . ARP (Address Resolution Protocol):
No authentication (RFC 826). Spoofed ARP replies (e.g., fake MAC for gateway IP) poison caches, enabling MITM (e.g., arpspoof).
D . IP:
No inherent validation at Layer 3 (RFC 791). Spoofed source IPs pass unless filtered (e.g., ingress filtering, RFC 2827).
Security Implications: TCP's handshake makes spoofing harder, though not impossible (e.g., blind spoofing with sequence prediction, mitigated since BSD 4.4). CNSP likely contrasts this with UDP/IP's vulnerabilities in DDoS contexts.
Why other options are incorrect:
A, B, D: Lack handshake or authentication, inherently spoofable.
Real-World Context: TCP spoofing was viable pre-1990s (e.g., Mitnick attack); modern randomization thwarts it.
質問 # 32
The application is showing a TLS error message as a result of a website administrator failing to timely renew the TLS certificate. But upon deeper analysis, it appears that the problem is brought on by the expiration of the TLS certificate. Which of the following statements is correct?
正解:B
解説:
TLS (Transport Layer Security) secures communication (e.g., HTTPS) using certificates, per RFC 8446. A certificate includes:
Validity Period: Start and end dates (e.g., "Not After: March 8, 2025").
Purpose: Authenticates the server and encrypts the session.
Scenario: An expired TLS certificate (e.g., past "Not After" date). Modern browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox) validate certificates during the handshake:
ClientHello: Browser initiates TLS.
ServerHello: Server sends its certificate.
Validation: Browser checks expiration, CA trust, etc.
If expired, browsers reject the handshake, displaying errors (e.g., "NET::ERR_CERT_DATE_INVALID"). No session key is negotiated, and communication doesn't proceed over TLS. Users may bypass warnings (e.g., "Advanced > Proceed"), but this is unencrypted or uses a fallback (not standard TLS), breaking security guarantees.
Security Implications: Expired certificates expose sites to MITM attacks, as trust is lost. CNSP likely emphasizes certificate management (e.g., automation with Let's Encrypt) to avoid this.
Why other options are incorrect:
B . The communication is still over TLS: False; an expired certificate halts the TLS handshake in compliant browsers. Legacy systems might negotiate insecurely, but this isn't "TLS" per standards.
Real-World Context: The 2019 Equifax breach partially stemmed from expired certificates missing vulnerabilities.
質問 # 33
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私たちの努力は自分の人生に更なる可能性を増加するためのことであるとよく思われます。あなたは弊社Pass4TestのThe SecOps Group CNSP試験問題集を利用し、試験に一回合格しました。The SecOps Group CNSP試験認証証明書を持つ皆様は面接のとき、他の面接人員よりもっと多くのチャンスがあります。その他、CNSP試験認証証明書も仕事昇進にたくさんのメリットを与えられます。
CNSP日本語対策問題集: https://www.pass4test.jp/CNSP.html